Friday, 23 February 2018

Artificial Intelligence Solved MCQs


The area of AI that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and computers is

natural language processing
symbolic processing
decision support
robotics
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
LISP was created by:

John McCarthy
Marvin Minsky
Alan Turing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Who is considered to be the "father" of artificial intelligence?

Fisher Ada
John McCarthy
Allen Newell
Alan Turning
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The finding of a path start state to a goal state is known as 

Search
Classification
Simulation
None of these
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
An AI technique that allows computers to understand associations and relationships between objects and events is called

heuristic processing
cognitive science
relative symbolism
pattern matching
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Let Q(x, y) denote “x + y = 0” and let there be two quantifications given as
(i) $y"x Q(x, y)
(ii) "x$y Q(x, y)
where x & y are real numbers. Then which of the following is valid ?


(i) is true & (ii) is false.
(i) is false & (ii) is true.
(i) is false & (ii) is also false.
both (i) & (ii) are true
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
A KES knowledge base contains information in the form of:

associations
actions
free text
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which kind of planning consists of successive representations of different levels of a plan?

hierarchical planning
non-hierarchical planning
project planning
None of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which search may find many solutions.If many solutions exist ,minimal solution can be found 

Breadth first search
Depth first search
Best first search
None of these
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following is an advantage of using an expert system development tool?

imposed structure
knowledge engineering assistance
rapid prototyping
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
KEE is a product of:

Teknowledge
IntelliCorpn
Texas Instruments
Tech knowledge
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The common property of functional language and logical programming language

Both are declarative
Both are based on l-calculus
Both are procedural
Both are functional
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In Delta Rule for error minimization

Weights are adjusted w.r.to change in the output
Weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between desired output and actual output
Weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between input and output
None of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which particular generation of computers is associated with artificial intelligence? 

Fourth
Third
Fifth
Second
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
A series of AI systems developed by Pat Langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific discovery.

RAMD
BACON
MIT
DU
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Shaping teaching techniques to fit the learning patterns of individual students is the goal of

decision support
automatic programming
intelligent computer-assisted instruction
expert systems
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
DEC advertises that it helped to create  the world  first expert system routinely used in an industrial environment  called XCON or

PDP-11
Rl
VAX
MAGNOM
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The strategy used to reduce the number of tree branches and the number of static evaluations applied in case of a game tree is

Minmax strategy
Alpha-beta pruning strategy
Constraint satisfaction strategy
Static max strategy
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which search algorithm find solutions among all possible ones? 

Heuristics
Learning
Optismistic
Blind
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Artificial intelligence is

the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.
a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect intelligence if it were generated by humans.
the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function (copy-list <list>)

returns a new list that is equal to <list> by copying the top-level element of <list>
returns the length of <list>
returns t if <list> is empty.
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following have computers traditionally done better than people?

storing information
responding flexibly
computing numerically
both (a) and (c)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the addition 3 + 2 is entered as

3 + 2
3 add 2
3 + 2 =
(+ 3 2)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Natural language processing can be divided into the two subfields of

context and expectations
generation and understanding
semantics of pragmatics
recognition and synthesis
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
____________ is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do. 

Nanoscience
Nanotechnology
Simulation
Artificial intelligence
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
An intelligent robot 

Respond to changes in its environment
Follows instruction
Possesses no more intelligent than a dishwasher
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following function returns t if the object is a number in LISP?

(number <object>)
(numberp <object>)
(numericp <object>)
(numeric <object>)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The transform which possesses the highest ‘energy compaction’ property is

Slant transform
Cosine transform
Fourier transform
Karhunen-Loeve transform
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The company that grew out of research at the MIT AI lab is:

AI corp
LMI
Symbolics
both (b) and (c)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is

history
cognitive science
psychology
sociology
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, which of the following function assigns the value 10 to the symbol a?

(setq a 10)
(a = b) where b = 10
(a = 10) (d) (setq 10 a)
None of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
ART (Automatic Reasoning Tool) is designed to be used on:

LISP machines
personal computers
microcomputers
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function (endp <list>)

returns a new list that is equal to <list> by copying the top-level element of <list>
returns the length of <list>
returns t if <list> is empty.
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In which of the following situations might a blind search be acceptable?

real-life situation
complex game
small search space
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
A robots arm is also known as its:

end effector
actuator
manipulator
servomechanism
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The primary method that people use to sense their environment is

reading
writing
speaking
speaking
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function returns t if <object> is a CONS cell and nil otherwise

(cons <object>)
(consp <object>)
(eq <object>)
(cous = <object>)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The first widely-used commercial form of Artificial Intelligence (Al) is being used in many popular products like microwave ovens, automobiles and plug in circuit boards for desktop PCs. It allows machines to handle vague information with a deftness that mimics human intuition. What is the name of this AI?

Boolean logic
Human logic
Fuzzy logic
Functional logic
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
What was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator?

The Turing Test
LISP
The Logic Theorist
Cybernetics
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The original LISP machines produced by both LMI and Symbolics were based on research performed at

CMU
MIT
Stanford University
RAMD
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Elementary linguistic units which are smaller than words are

allophones
phonemes
syllables
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
To invoke the LISP system, you must enter

AI
LISP
CL (Common Lisp)
both b and c
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function assigns . the value of a to b is

(setq a b)
(setq b a )
(b = a)
(set b = a)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following is being investigated as a means of automating the creation of a knowledge base?

automatic knowledge acquisition
simpler tools
discovery of new concepts
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The symbols used in describing the syntax of a programming language are

0
{ }
< >
" "
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
One definition of AI focuses on problem-solving methods that process:

smell
symbols
touch
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The explanation facility of an expert system may be used to

construct a diagnostic model
expedite the debugging process
explain the system reasoning process
both (b) and (c)
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
In a rule based system,procedural domain knowledge is in the form of 

Production rules
Rule interpreters
Control rules
Meta rules
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The component of an ICAI (Intelligent Computer-Asslsted Instruction) presenting information to the student is the:

student model
problem-solving expertise
tutoring module
All of the above
      _____________________________________________________________________________________
The characteristics of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning is known is

machine intelligence
human intelligence
artificial intelligence
virtual intelligence
   

Solved Interview Questions on Magento


Magento is an open source E-commerce software, created by Varien which is useful for online business and it has the flexible modular architecture. It is scalable and it has many control options that helps the user. Magento uses E-commerce platform which offers companies ultimate E-commerce solutions and extensive support network.
The uses of Magento are −
  • Magento is open source E-commerce software.
  • It is scalable and offers small companies to build business.
  • It provides the searching and sorting of products in several ways.
  • Easily integrates with many of the third-party sites which are needed to run effective E-commerce website.
  • Using this, customer can order or purchase number of products. There are no limits on number of purchasing products.
The Web-Hosting sites of Magento are −
  • SiteGround
  • BlueHost
  • HostGator
  • Inmotion
  • Arvixe
  • site5
The disadvantages of Magento are −
  • Magento uses larger disk space and memory.
  • It takes much time to build the customized functionality.
  • It is very slow compared to other E-commerce sites.
  • It needs proper hosting environment, if the hosting environment is improper the user can face the problems.
The Web-server that supports Magento are −
  • Apache 2.x
  • Nginx 1.7.x
Products are the items or things that are sold in Magento. Product can be anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs. This includes both physical products and services.
The product types available in Magento are −
  • Simple Products
  • Grouped Products
  • Configurable Products
  • Virtual Products
  • Bundled Products
  • Downloadable Products
Inventory allows setting a product's stock quantity. For instance, you have a product with 100 units in stock. If you set the stock availability to "Out of Stock" then it will force the item to be out of stock.
The categories of E-Commerce are:
  • Business to Business(B2B)
  • Business to Consumer(B2C)
  • Consumer to Consumer(C2C)
  • Consumer to Business(C2B)
Rate Percent specify the percent of the tax rate.
Priority field specifies when the tax should be applied to other tax rules.
The Zero Subtotal Checkout panel is a payment option that displays when order total is zero and not required to enter payment details for the customer.
It is additional security functionality where customer needs to provide credit card password to complete the purchase order.
The two methods of PayPal Payment Gateways are −
  • Payflow Pro (Includes Express Checkout)
  • Payflow Link (Includes Express Checkout)
The Payflow Pro option is customizable payment gateway which can be used with merchant account to process credit card transactions.
Payflow Link option often called as hosted payment gateway that keeps customer on your site by providing fast and easy way to add transaction processing to your site.
My Cart Link panel specifies whether the number of quantities in the cart should be shown or whether the number of different products should be shown using the Display Cart Summaryfield.
Google Checkout is online payment processing service provided by Google. Magento allows integration of online stores with Google checkout. It is like PayPal that simplifies the process of paying for online purchases.
Order management is important thing which allows business to run smoothly and keeps customers happy, making them more likely to visit your site in the future.
Google Analytics is a finest Google service for those who are actively managing websites and adds analytics to Magento store including Ecommerce tracking and conversions of their websites.
Layout files are useful in rendering front pages of Magento.
Magento CMS (Content Management System) section is used to manage all web site pages. It is a way of promoting the products by providing valuable information to the customers and increases visibility to search engines.
Static block is a piece of content can be used anywhere in the pages. Magento allows creating blocks of content that can be used through the store and can be added to any page or another block.
Polls are used to get customer's opinions and preferences. The poll results appear immediately after response is submitted.
Following points describe how to optimize the Magento environment
  • It uses complex database, so that it needs to be run on dedicated servers.
  • Magento application could be optimized by using cloud computing.
  • Merge you JavaScript and CSS files which reduces the load time dramatically since its loading only one merged file.
  • Proper MySQL configuration is one of the most important aspects in terms of performance.
  • Always upgrade to the latest Magento version allows to perform better.
The following points specify how to optimize the magento configuration
  • To speed up Magento performance, don't run mysql and web server on the same machine.
  • Do not host files on your web server that you do not use.
  • Optimization of session storage.
  • Enabling Magento flat catalog. (Magento uses a complex and resource-intensive Entity Attribute Value [or EAV] based catalog). After initial catalog establishment, enabling the flat catalog can dramatically improve database querying time.
  • Identification and disabling of unused Magento modules.
The process of Code Optimization are −
  • Removal of unused or unnecessary code processes.
  • To optimize Magento performance, JavaScript and CSS files need to be compressed and aggregated.
  • Conformance of all site images to optimal web image sizes.
  • Identification of bottlenecks(process that causes the entire process to slow down or stop) processes in both front-end and back-end.
The following points describe how to improve the performance of database −
  • Unused data must be cleaned up regularly for better performance.
  • Optimization of database queries.
  • Configuration of setting and limits of the database server (e.g. memory setting, query cache, sort buffer optimization).
PHP 5.4 +
It stands for Web Services Description Language. It is used for describing web services and how to access them.
It is used to set threshold number. When the units of that product are drop to that number, it will display Only X left message on the product details page.
Payment gateway processes the credit card data securely between customer and merchant and also between merchant and the payment processor. It is like checkpoint that protects customers against attempting to gather personal and financial information from customers and also act as mediator between the merchant and sponsoring bank.
Orders follow a standard life cycle process. When customer place product orders, it arrive in the administration interface with a pending status. When order is processed, the status of order changes according to current state in the processing workflow. Once the invoice is created for the order, the status changes from pending to processing status. Next it creates shipment for an order which changes the status from pending to complete status.
The two sections present in Design section are −
  • Page Layout
  • Custom Design
The Page Layout section contains a Layout option which allows selecting layout as per your choice and Layout Update XML option inserts the XML code.
The Meta Data section contains Keywords and description of the page.
Customer can subscribe to Newsletters using Magento. Customer can sign up for the Newsletter when he creates a new customer account which contains checkbox for signing up. For creating Newsletters you need to enable Newsletter option in your magento to make sure that customer has confirmed to receive Newsletter.
The following points show how to optimize the Magento front-end performance −
  • Use the latest version of php, so that you can perform front-end operation much better and faster. The newest released version may cause the errors, so carefully read the release notes and check out the new version.
  • Use the clean database to improve the performance of magento. The database logs need to be clear regularly. The database stores the automatically created logs to keep track of record session and interaction.
This is a group of simple products. In this type, you cannot specify a specific price for product; you can just specify the discount.
In this type, customer can select products according to their color and size before purchasing.
Example − Cell phones obtained in different colors and sizes.
Bundled products are those products which cannot be sold separately and doesn't give any choice for end user.
If it is enabled, customer can buy products even if they are out of stock.
Tax rules are entities that combine product tax classes, customer tax classes and tax rates.
Manage Stores section, you will see website names, store names and Store View Name columns.
E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) is a type of business that involves the commercial transaction or purchasing or selling of goods and services through electronic channels known as internet.
The features of Magento are −
  • Magento provides different payment methods such as credit cards, PayPal, cheques, money order, Google checkouts.
  • It provides shipping of products in one order to the multiple addresses.
  • Easy to manage the orders by using admin panel.
  • It filters the products and displays in grid or list format.
The advantages of magento are −
  • It is user friendly E-commerce software.
  • It is compatible with Smartphone's, tablets and other mobile devices.
  • It provides multiple payment options so every visitor can make payment based on their preferred payment gateway.
  • It has many extensions which supports for the development of an online store.
MySql Database
MySQL 5.1
This transaction is between consumer or customer and business or companies where consumer makes a product that the company uses to complete business.

Magento is an open source E-commerce software, created by Varien which is useful for online business and it has the flexible modular architecture. It is scalable and it has many control options that helps the user. Magento uses E-commerce platform which offers companies ultimate E-commerce solutions and extensive support network.
The uses of Magento are −
  • Magento is open source E-commerce software.
  • It is scalable and offers small companies to build business.
  • It provides the searching and sorting of products in several ways.
  • Easily integrates with many of the third-party sites which are needed to run effective E-commerce website.
  • Using this, customer can order or purchase number of products. There are no limits on number of purchasing products.
The Web-Hosting sites of Magento are −
  • SiteGround
  • BlueHost
  • HostGator
  • Inmotion
  • Arvixe
  • site5
The disadvantages of Magento are −
  • Magento uses larger disk space and memory.
  • It takes much time to build the customized functionality.
  • It is very slow compared to other E-commerce sites.
  • It needs proper hosting environment, if the hosting environment is improper the user can face the problems.
The Web-server that supports Magento are −
  • Apache 2.x
  • Nginx 1.7.x
Products are the items or things that are sold in Magento. Product can be anything that is capable of satisfying customer needs. This includes both physical products and services.
The product types available in Magento are −
  • Simple Products
  • Grouped Products
  • Configurable Products
  • Virtual Products
  • Bundled Products
  • Downloadable Products
Inventory allows setting a product's stock quantity. For instance, you have a product with 100 units in stock. If you set the stock availability to "Out of Stock" then it will force the item to be out of stock.
The categories of E-Commerce are:
  • Business to Business(B2B)
  • Business to Consumer(B2C)
  • Consumer to Consumer(C2C)
  • Consumer to Business(C2B)
Rate Percent specify the percent of the tax rate.
Priority field specifies when the tax should be applied to other tax rules.
The Zero Subtotal Checkout panel is a payment option that displays when order total is zero and not required to enter payment details for the customer.
It is additional security functionality where customer needs to provide credit card password to complete the purchase order.
The two methods of PayPal Payment Gateways are −
  • Payflow Pro (Includes Express Checkout)
  • Payflow Link (Includes Express Checkout)
The Payflow Pro option is customizable payment gateway which can be used with merchant account to process credit card transactions.
Payflow Link option often called as hosted payment gateway that keeps customer on your site by providing fast and easy way to add transaction processing to your site.
My Cart Link panel specifies whether the number of quantities in the cart should be shown or whether the number of different products should be shown using the Display Cart Summaryfield.
Google Checkout is online payment processing service provided by Google. Magento allows integration of online stores with Google checkout. It is like PayPal that simplifies the process of paying for online purchases.
Order management is important thing which allows business to run smoothly and keeps customers happy, making them more likely to visit your site in the future.
Google Analytics is a finest Google service for those who are actively managing websites and adds analytics to Magento store including Ecommerce tracking and conversions of their websites.
Layout files are useful in rendering front pages of Magento.
Magento CMS (Content Management System) section is used to manage all web site pages. It is a way of promoting the products by providing valuable information to the customers and increases visibility to search engines.
Static block is a piece of content can be used anywhere in the pages. Magento allows creating blocks of content that can be used through the store and can be added to any page or another block.
Polls are used to get customer's opinions and preferences. The poll results appear immediately after response is submitted.
Following points describe how to optimize the Magento environment
  • It uses complex database, so that it needs to be run on dedicated servers.
  • Magento application could be optimized by using cloud computing.
  • Merge you JavaScript and CSS files which reduces the load time dramatically since its loading only one merged file.
  • Proper MySQL configuration is one of the most important aspects in terms of performance.
  • Always upgrade to the latest Magento version allows to perform better.
The following points specify how to optimize the magento configuration
  • To speed up Magento performance, don't run mysql and web server on the same machine.
  • Do not host files on your web server that you do not use.
  • Optimization of session storage.
  • Enabling Magento flat catalog. (Magento uses a complex and resource-intensive Entity Attribute Value [or EAV] based catalog). After initial catalog establishment, enabling the flat catalog can dramatically improve database querying time.
  • Identification and disabling of unused Magento modules.
The process of Code Optimization are −
  • Removal of unused or unnecessary code processes.
  • To optimize Magento performance, JavaScript and CSS files need to be compressed and aggregated.
  • Conformance of all site images to optimal web image sizes.
  • Identification of bottlenecks(process that causes the entire process to slow down or stop) processes in both front-end and back-end.
The following points describe how to improve the performance of database −
  • Unused data must be cleaned up regularly for better performance.
  • Optimization of database queries.
  • Configuration of setting and limits of the database server (e.g. memory setting, query cache, sort buffer optimization).
PHP 5.4 +
It stands for Web Services Description Language. It is used for describing web services and how to access them.
It is used to set threshold number. When the units of that product are drop to that number, it will display Only X left message on the product details page.
Payment gateway processes the credit card data securely between customer and merchant and also between merchant and the payment processor. It is like checkpoint that protects customers against attempting to gather personal and financial information from customers and also act as mediator between the merchant and sponsoring bank.
Orders follow a standard life cycle process. When customer place product orders, it arrive in the administration interface with a pending status. When order is processed, the status of order changes according to current state in the processing workflow. Once the invoice is created for the order, the status changes from pending to processing status. Next it creates shipment for an order which changes the status from pending to complete status.
The two sections present in Design section are −
  • Page Layout
  • Custom Design
The Page Layout section contains a Layout option which allows selecting layout as per your choice and Layout Update XML option inserts the XML code.
The Meta Data section contains Keywords and description of the page.
Customer can subscribe to Newsletters using Magento. Customer can sign up for the Newsletter when he creates a new customer account which contains checkbox for signing up. For creating Newsletters you need to enable Newsletter option in your magento to make sure that customer has confirmed to receive Newsletter.
The following points show how to optimize the Magento front-end performance −
  • Use the latest version of php, so that you can perform front-end operation much better and faster. The newest released version may cause the errors, so carefully read the release notes and check out the new version.
  • Use the clean database to improve the performance of magento. The database logs need to be clear regularly. The database stores the automatically created logs to keep track of record session and interaction.
This is a group of simple products. In this type, you cannot specify a specific price for product; you can just specify the discount.
In this type, customer can select products according to their color and size before purchasing.
Example − Cell phones obtained in different colors and sizes.
Bundled products are those products which cannot be sold separately and doesn't give any choice for end user.
If it is enabled, customer can buy products even if they are out of stock.
Tax rules are entities that combine product tax classes, customer tax classes and tax rates.
Manage Stores section, you will see website names, store names and Store View Name columns.
E-commerce (Electronic Commerce) is a type of business that involves the commercial transaction or purchasing or selling of goods and services through electronic channels known as internet.
The features of Magento are −
  • Magento provides different payment methods such as credit cards, PayPal, cheques, money order, Google checkouts.
  • It provides shipping of products in one order to the multiple addresses.
  • Easy to manage the orders by using admin panel.
  • It filters the products and displays in grid or list format.
The advantages of magento are −
  • It is user friendly E-commerce software.
  • It is compatible with Smartphone's, tablets and other mobile devices.
  • It provides multiple payment options so every visitor can make payment based on their preferred payment gateway.
  • It has many extensions which supports for the development of an online store.
MySql Database
MySQL 5.1
This transaction is between consumer or customer and business or companies where consumer makes a product that the company uses to complete business.....
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